Most supposed experts in home buying and home finance give this advice:
“Before you even begin to shop for a home, meet with a lender to get
pre-qualified for a loan. With pre-qualification, you’ll learn exactly how much
home you can afford, and you won’t waste time looking at homes outside of your
price range.”
Superficially, this advice makes sense. Why try to order filet mignon on a
hamburger budget? Nevertheless, realize that this advice did not develop to
chiefly promote your needs; it secured its place in mortgage lore to primarily
advance the interests of real estate agents and mortgage lenders.
In theory, pre-qualifying (pre-approval) for a loan doesn’t just promote the
interests of lenders and realty agents. Looking at homes you can’t afford
(unless you’re just curious about how the other half lives), wastes your time
and psyches you up for a big letdown. But here’s the rub: Home buying and home
financing weigh far too heavily in your overall financial and lifestyle planning
to shortchanged by a 10-minute computer exercise.
In point of fact, no simple qualifying formula can even begin to accurately
tell you “how much home you can afford,” or more importantly, “how much home you
should buy.” Plugging your current credit and finances into a pre-qualify or
pre-approval computer program pushes aside the real questions you should ask
yourself. Such formulaic analyses ignore critical issues such as these:
1. What are your goals to build wealth?
2. How do your budget constraints differ (positively or negatively) from
those imbedded in the pre-qualify computer program?
3. Are your current spending, saving, and investing habits consistent
with your life priorities?
4. How long do you plan to own the property?
5. What steps can you take to improve your credit record or credit
scores?
6. What steps can you take to improve your qualifying ratios?
7. What percent of your wealth should you hold in your home equity?
8. What types of real estate financing (other than those offered by the
lender you’re talking with) might best promote your goals for cost savings
or wealth building?
9. What types of real estate financing (other than those offered by the
lender you’re talking with) might best enhance your affordability?
10. What type of property (fixer-upper, foreclosure, duplex, fourplex,
single-family house, condo, and so on) might best fit into your financial
goals?
11. How much money could you save by coming up with a larger down
payment?
12. Should you use a fixer-rate mortgage or an adjustable rate mortgage
(ARM)? What are the true risks and opportunities of each? Which offers the
best trade-off of risk and return (quickest buildup of home equity)?
Although a relative few highly professional loan reps will help you
accurately address important financial and life-planning issues such as those
enumerated above, the great majority will not. The great majority lacks the
time, the intellectual acumen, and the will to guide you to your best decision.
Indeed, never forget that loan reaps, like ca sales reaps, want you to buy the
products they are selling. Would you expect unbiased auto advice from the sales
agent at he Buick dealer? No? Then why would you expect unbiased advice form the
loan rep at the Old Faithful Mortgage Company?
With that said, we return to the theme of Mortgage Secrets: Foremost, take
measure of yourself. Learn your choices. Arrange your property purchase and
financing decisions to advance your overall life and financial goals. The great
majority of borrowers err because they attempt to minimize the monthly payment
rather than maximize their wealth.
Most mortgage lenders emphasize where you stand financially today, but your
focus must extend over a longer horizon. Most lenders emphasize your ability and
willingness to pay your mortgage as evinced only by their approval formula. You
must not accept this narrow view. You must decide for yourself if you should buy
more (or les) property than the standard formulas suggest, and correspondingly,
if you should borrow more (or less) than this lender’s guidelines recommend.
Affordability depends on you.
The folks who urge you to get pre-qualified for a loan rarely mentions that
potential borrowers may choose from dozens (actually hundreds) of home products.
Each of these products may vary with respect to interest rate, down payment,
credit standards, monthly payment amounts, mortgage insurance premiums,
qualifying ratios, closing costs, eligible types of properties, occupancy
standards, and may other terms and conditions. Any of these differences can
affect your loan affordability or approval.
A Sampling of Loan Programs and Techniques for Financing Real Estate
Just look at the 60 financing programs and affordability techniques listed
below. Although it’s not complete by a long short, a brief reading does
illustrate my point: No loan rep (or anyone else) can tell you exactly how much
loan you can afford unless they worked through all of these possibilities
(singularly or in combination).
Below are Selected Sources and Techniques of Property Finance
1. FHA 203(b) mortgages
2. FHA 203(k) mortgages
3. FHA nonqual assumables
4. HUD / FHA foreclosures
5. VA mortgages
6. VA assumable w/qualifying
7. VA nonqual assumables
8. FHA Title 1 home improvement loans
9. ARMs
10. Community reinvestment loans
11. Co-ownership
12. Compensating factors
13. Fannie Mae Community Home-Buyers programs
14. Fannie 97
15. Fannie Mae affordable mortgage programs
16. Freddie Mac central city mortgage programs
17. Fannie Mae Start-up Mortgage
18. ARM hybrids
19. State VA mortgage programs
20. Habitat homes
21. Owner will carry (OWC)
22. Second mortgages
23. Real estate owned (REOs)
24. Not-for-profit grant money
25. Government grant money
26. Employer-assisted mortgage plans
27. ARM assumptions
28. Lease-purchase agreements
29. Interest rate buy downs
30. Wraparounds
31. Sweat equity
32. Shared equity
33. Interest rate buy-ups
34. State mortgage bond programs
35. Private mortgage insurance (PMI)
36. New home builder finance plans
37. Create value/fixer-uppers
38. County down-payment assistance
39. City down-payment assistance
40. Entergy-efficient mortgages
41. Self-contracting
42. Pledged collateral
43. Blanket mortgages
44. Cosigners
45. Co-borrowers
46. Shared housing/housemates
47. Financial Fitness exercises
48. Accessory apartments
49. Mortgage credit certificates (MCCs)
50. Lease options
51. Gift letters
52. Homebuyer seminars, fairs, classes
53. Homebuyer counseling centers
54. Rural Development Administration (formerly FmHA)
55. Buy a duplex, triplex, or other income property
56. Graduated payment mortgages
57. Contract-for-deed
58. Tenant-in-common (TICs)
59. Balloon mortgages
Even after asking about all of these mortgage types, you wouldn’t get a
definitive answer. Take seller finance (OWC), for example, in which sellers
determine their won qualifying standards and loan terms. Should one seller
turn you down, another one might say yes to your proposal. Sadly, I’ve talked
with far too many hopeful homebuyers who had been turned away from purchasing
property by a loan rep’s unthinking computer program. Absent knowledge about
their full range of possibilities, these potential homebuyers needlessly
accepted the loan rep’s verdict of “unqualified.”
Possibility Thinking
As you discover the ins and outs of home financing, keep asking yourself,
“Would this ideal work for me (us)?” In today’s world of home finance, nearly
everyone who wants to own a home, refinance a home, or even buy an investment
property can come up with a finance plan that works for them. Knowing your
options, though, doesn’t just apply to the goal of affordability. For most
people, building home equity wealth, saving money (slashing the costs of
financing), and finding the best property for their personal needs also rank
high among their life and financial goals.