Speculation in raw land is risky but potentially rewarding.
Tax benefits are comparatively few. Real-estate taxes are deductible. Interest
is also deductible, if you get a
loan.
Most lending institutions won't lend money for unimproved real estate. If they
do, it's generally a short-term loan, rarely more than 10 years.
The disadvantages of
buying land are:
1. Soaring property taxes.
2. High interest rates.
3. liquidity. It may take months or years to dispose of a
property at a price you approve. Raw land is harder to sell than income
property. Most people buy property to meet a specific, immediate need, not to
hold for appreciation.
4. You must be prepared to commit a sizable sum of money to
the purchase. It's difficult to obtain much financial leverage.
5. Some forms of property, such as recreational land, are
vulnerable to the economic climate. Farmland, for example, has steadily
dropped in value throughout the early 1980s. Negative factors in the farmland
market include surplus production capacity, rising production costs, high
interest rates, and heavy debt loads on many family farms. Production costs
and other expenses are increasing. Debt loans on some farms may increase the
supply of land on the market because of bankruptcy, foreclosure, and
liquidation of assets. These farms are frequently large and highly leveraged.
Their operators were often active land speculators during the years of rising
land values. These negative factors will tend to limit any increase in land
values. High interest rates may make land less attractive than other
investments. This will put further downward pressure on land values. Lot
buyers can't always count on the increasing value of their purchase or on the
seller to complete promised improvements. While, in general, potentially
useful land close to population centers has appreciated over the long term, in
the short run and in specific regions land may decrease in value. You may find
you're unable to use your lot for the purpose intended, that fees and charges
associated with the property rise beyond what you expected, and that problems
in getting a valid deed may delay legal title to the property.
6. Fraud. The sale of Arizona desert and Florida swampland
has a long, colorful history. As this nation developed, the land speculators
followed the explorers and missionaries. But it wasn't until 1968 that the
consumer won some measure of protection from fraudulent land sales operators.
Congress passed the Interstate Land Sales Act. It's a full-disclosure law that
requires sellers to register their offering with the Department of Housing and
Urban Development and to reveal to prospective buyers facts about the land.
HUD doesn't approve or pass on the merits or value of the development. It does
try to protect the consumer by assuring access to all the information needed
for a sensible, unhurried land purchase. Whether or not you choose to use that
information is up to you, Lots may be marketed as sites for future retirement
homes, second-home
7. locations, or campsites. Sales personnel may stress its investment
potential. The act requires land developers, promoters, and brokers who sell
or lease certain kinds of property within subdivisions to file a Statement of
Record with the secretary of HUD. This contains basic factual and legal
information about the property, including:
a. Identity of the people who have an interest in a particular lot.
b. A legal description and map of the subdivision,
c. The probable range of prices at which the lots will be offered,
d. The availability of water, sewage, and other facilities and the unusual
noise or safety conditions.
e. Identity of any liens, easements, or encumbrances on the property, f. A
copy of the developer's deed and articles of incorporation or partnership and
a financial statement.
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